Joseph Martin Kraus (1756−1792)

Azire. Opera [eg. Sångspel] i tre akter [Azire. Opera (here: Singspiel) in three acts]

VB 18

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  • Year of composition: Stockholm June 1778 - January 1779, but is mentioned earlier in one of Kraus's letters to his parents dated Göttingen 20 September 1777 and can have thus been initiated that year (Göttingen and Stockholm 1778-1779 according to van Boer's earlier dating
  • Work category: Operetta / Comic opera
  • Text author: Carl Stridsberg (1755-1819)
  • Duration: Approx. 120-180 min
  • Detailed duration: Uncertain

Instrumentation

2.2.0.0 / 2.0.0.0 / (cont) / str
(at least this instrumentation according to van Boer)

Solo voices/choir

Azire (soprano)
Fatme (soprano)
Tamur (tenor)
Masor (bass)
Jånkur (bass)

Choir of gnomes

2 sopranos (Azire, Fatme), 1 tenor (Tamur), 2 basses (Masor, Jånkur)

Male choir (T.T.B.), mixed choir (S.S.T.B.)

Location for score and part material

Transcription (fragments) exist at Uppsala University Library collections, Case 57:3a, 24. Si-S (the copyist Fredrik Samuel Silverstolpe has noterd 'Original scrpit by Kraus, in Göttingen 1777', the page numbering is made by Haeffner); a modern copy also exist at Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich, Germany (according to van Boer)

  • Location autograph: Uppsala Universitetsbibliotek
  • Possible call no. and autograph comment: According to van Boer the autographs to the overture and the first 21 numbers are lost (they were earlier in the possession of J. C. F. Haeffner or the library of the Royal Opera); remaining numbers exist at Folio X 270a (see more below)

Literature

van Boer Jr, Bertil H: Die Werke von Joseph Martin Kraus. Systematisch-thematisches Werkverzeichnis, the Royal Swedish Academy of Music series no. 56, Stockholm (1988); an updated edition in English with a partly revised VB-numbering was published in 1998 by Pendragon Press under the title Joseph Martin Kraus. A Systematic-Thematic Catalogue of His Musical Works and Source Study (the numbering of this work is however unchanged).

Description of work

Overture: A major

Act I
No. 1. Aria: Förtrogna skugga (Azire)
No. 2. Aria: Mitt hjerta känner åter (Tamur)
No. 3. Aria: Du vår lyckas glada budskap (Azire)
No. 4. Recitative and Aria: We, We den mördare - Träda skall min fot (Tamur)
No. 5. Aria: Bort, svikande bilder (Azire)
No. 6. Aria: När stormar nattetid kring höga bergen (Fatme)
No. 7. Trio: Du är min (Azire, Fatme, Tamur)
No. 8. Intermède

Act II
No. 9. Recitative and Aria: Azire! haf och ödemarker - Du är för mig förlorad (Tamur)
No. 10. Aria: Bergen öppna sina sköten (Masor)
No. 11. Aria: För dig jag lämnat fader (Tamur)
No. 12. Duet: Brusa, vågor himmelshöga genomstörtar jag (Tamur, Masor)
No. 13. Intermède

Act III
No. 14. Aria: Förr än mig (Azire)
No. 15. Aria: Till dödsdans hit neder (Jånkur)
No. 16. Duet: Mottag oss, mörka lund (Azire, Fatme)
No. 17. Chorus: Jånkur, Jånkur, han är fallen (Gnomer)
No. 18. Recitative and Aria: Tystnad, Jånkurs andar - O hvar är du? (Tamur)
No. 19. Trio: Kärlek styrka gaf åt mig (Azire, Fatme, Tamur)
No. 20. Quartet: O hur lyckligt (Azire, Fatme, Tamur, Masor)
No. 21. Chorus: Lefven vårens gyllne dagar (Tutti)
No. 22. Ballet: Allegro molto D major 2/4
No. 23. Ballet: Andantino A major alla breve
No. 24. Ballet: Allegro molto D major 2/4
No. 25. Ballet: Andantino G major 2/4
No. 26. Ballet: Andante D major 3/4
No. 27. Chorus: Lefven vårens gyllne dagar (Tutti)


Work comment

The overture and the first 21 numbers are lost, but according to van Boer, one can deduce from the lyrics at the Uppsala University Library (X 270a) that this work is, in fact, a Singspiel (i.e., with spoken dialogue). Unfortunately, this part of the libretto has also been lost.

According to van Boer, Fredrik Samuel Silverstolpe bought the collection of autographs from a used bookstore in Stockholm in 1833. Apparently, they had been used for ballets and show markings by G. [Gottlieb Friedrich (Fredrik)] Ficker. On page 10, Silverstolpe writes that this is the final part of 'Azire', in Kraus's hand, and on the back cover there is an annotation dated Stockholm, 1835, stating that this fragment of 'Azire' was purchased at the Stockholms Bok-auctions Kammare [a former Stockholm auction house, specialising in books], included in a stack of old sheet music, however seemingly separated on purpose from the rest of this work, as the pages have been numbered from 1 to 10 in Mr. Haeffner's hand.

Thus, it would seem probable that the material has been used at the theatre at some point, which seems even more likely since page 6 shows an annotation in red crayon in Mr. Ficker's known hand, who, under several years, was in charge of the music copying at the Royal Opera. In 1808, while Mr. Haeffner still lived in Stockholm, I found the whole original score of 'Azire' in his home, and was allowed to borrow it for a couple of days. After his death in Uppsala, I kindly asked his heirs to be allowed to purchase what material they might have of this score, but was advised that 'Azire' could not be found among his papers. It might be possible that he had already gifted the material to someone. Or, that it is included in the opera manager's collection of sheet music.

In December, 1835 Silverstolpe wrote that while he had believed this work to have been destroyed, it was however found among Mr. Haeffner's sheet music: In the spring of 1808, I was allowed to borrow the score for a couple of days. The Overture in A major, was full of fire; in the opera itself, I found both much beaty and origiality. Mr. Frigel had stated that the subject matter was sombre, the Dramatis personae wild, and that the music was well-suited. The object of the transcription of the lyrics of this peculiar work by Mr. Stridsberg, written when studying in Göttingen, is to preserve it. As it happened, I was able to add the last nineteen pages of 'Azire' to my collection of Kraus's compositions, and asked Mr. Haeffner's heir i Uppsala to be allowed to purchase the same material, but was informed that no such material had been found. It is possible that Mr. Haeffner had given the fragment to someone.

In January, 1843, Silverstolpe made another annotation proposing that: after Kraus's death, 'Azire' was among the material fetched by the management of the Royal Opera to be kept in its music library, or that Mr. Haeffner had borrowed it from this library, and intended to return it when moving to Uppsala. Thus, if so, this work was not lost at the fire of the Dramatic Theatre in 1825. The major part of the sheet music was rescued from this fire, but all material has not yet been (re)organised.

According to van Boer, Silverstolpe also mentions in his biography of Kraus that he endeavoured to find the missing parts of this work.

[See also the autograph in Folio X 270a at the Uppsala University Library.]


Libretto/text

Act I

No. 1. Aria: Förtrogna skugga (Azire)

No. 2. Aria: Mitt hjerta känner åter (Tamur)

No. 3. Aria: Du vår lyckas glada budskap (Azire)

No. 4. Recitative and Aria: We, We den mördare - Träda skall min fot (Tamur)

No. 5. Aria: Bort, svikande bilder (Azire)

No. 6. Aria: När stormar nattetid kring höga bergen (Fatme)

No. 7. Trio: Du är min (Azire, Fatme, Tamur)

No. 8. Intermède

 

Act II

No. 9. Recitative and Aria: Azire! haf och ödemarker - Du är för mig förlorad (Tamur)

No. 10. Aria: Bergen öppna sina sköten (Masor)

No. 11. Aria: För dig jag lämnat fader (Tamur)

No. 12. Duet: Brusa, vågor himmelshöga genomstörtar jag (Tamur, Masor)

No. 13. Intermède

 

Act III

No. 14. Aria: Förr än mig (Azire)

No. 15. Aria: Till dödsdans hit neder (Jånkur)

No. 16. Duet: Mottag oss, mörka lund (Azire, Fatme)

No. 17. Chorus: Jånkur, Jånkur, han är fallen (Gnomer [Gnomes])

No. 18. Recitative and Aria: Tystnad, Jånkurs andar - O hvar är du? (Tamur)

No. 19. Trio: Kärlek styrka gaf åt mig (Azire, Fatme, Tamur)

No. 20. Quartet: O hur lyckligt (Azire, Fatme, Tamur, Masor)

No. 21. Chorus: Lefven vårens gyllne dagar (Tutti)

No. 27. Chorus: Lefven vårens gyllne dagar (Tutti)